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Modernization of biomass heat plant.
Sedlák, Martin ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
The thesis examines the suitability of a CHP project in Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, a small town in Vysočina region, Czech Republic, which is currently supplied by biomass central heating. It reviews situation and availability of renewable energy sources and opportunities for CHP both in the Czech Republic and in Europe, including the context of current global developments. The opening chapters are followed with the renewable energy project for Bystřice nad Pernštejnem itself. The current technology, availability of biomass fuel for a potential future project, and possible development of energy sources in the town are analysed. Three alternative solutions for the CHP plant are suggested, with proposal for the technology and economic analysis, and possible future steps of the town council are discussed.
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Utilization biogas for combined heat and power
Fojtík, Martin ; Baxant, Petr (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is specialized on the solution of actual problems dealing with the exploitation of biological wastes usány combined heat and power. The task is to suggest and valorize the running of combined heat and power system cooperating with a bio-gas station. The first part is devoted to the rise of biogas and biomass which is fit for the production of biogas, further also to the biogas technology. The second part of of this work deals with the principle of combined heat and power, as well as with the comparation of single prime units. The running of biogas combined heat and power is reviewed in the final part.
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Thermoelectric Power Generation System
Brázdil, Marian ; Nerud, Pavel (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
In the last decade there is a rising interest in thermoelectric applications. Thermoelectric generators enabling the direct conversion of the heat into the electricity become attractive. This fact is caused by the demands of environmental operation and saving primary resources. Scientists intensively investigate and develop new materials and structures suitable for these applications. The efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion progressively increases. Unfortunately we have no available materials with sufficient thermoelectric properties which could provide cost-competitive price. Thermoelectric generators seem to be useable devices. For example, in case of the unused waste heat using of the thermoelectric generator can increase the overall effectiveness of the unit despite the low efficiency of the generator. This master thesis deals with the issue of the Peltier modules representing the main part of the thermoelectric generators. The physical principles and structures of the thermoelectric modules and the possibility of thermoelectric power production are described here. In the practical part of this thesis the design of the low power generator utilizing waste heat from biomass boiler Verner A 251.1 is proposed.
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Cogeneration units for family houses
Pekárek, Michal ; Toman, Filip (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
The scope of this bachelor’s thesis is basic design cogeneration unit in family house. The work is divided into three parts. The first part includes a summary of suitable cogeneration units. For each technology is mentioned short description with advantages and disadvantages. Based on this information was made a conclusion, that the most suitable microcogeneration units are with combustion engine, Stirling engine and fuel cells. This section focuses on legal requirements, which are connected with the application in family houses. The last section deals with the application in a specific family house. Heat loss of family house is 12,4 kW, amount of heat we have to provide for heating and warm water is 41,7 MWh and during the year was used 3,15 MWh of electricity. We have decided to design three different variations, all traffic-related cost and revenues are calculated for each design. In conclusion, they are compared with original state of energy supply to the family house.
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Thermoelectric Generators for Micro-CHP Units
Brázdil, Marian ; Navrátil, Jiří (referee) ; Masaryk, Michal (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
Small domestic hot water boilers burning solid fuels represent a significant source of air pollu-tion. It is therefore an effort to increase their combustion efficiency and to reduce the produc-tion of harmful emissions. For this reason, the operation of older and currently unsatisfactory types of household boilers has been legally restricted. Preferred types of boilers are low-emission boilers, especially automatic or gasification boilers. Most of them, however, in compar-ison with previous types of boilers, also require connection to the electricity grid. If there is a long-term failure in electricity grid, the operation of newer boiler types is limited. Wood and coal gasification boilers are currently available on the market and can be operated even in the event of a power failure, but only in heating systems with natural water circulation. In heating systems with forced water circulation, these boilers, fireplaces or fireplace inserts with hot-water heat exchangers cannot be operated without external battery supply in the event of a power failure. The dissertation thesis therefore deals with the question of whether it would be possible by thermoelectric conversion of waste heat of flue gases of small-scale low-emission combustion hot water domestic boilers to obtain sufficient electricity, to power supply their circulation pumps and to ensure operation in systems with forced water circulation independently of elec-tricity supply from the grid. In order to answer this question, a simulation tool predicting the power parameters of ther-moelectric generators was created. Compared to previously published works, the calculations and simulations include the influence of the generator on the boiler flue gas functionality. To verify the simulation tool, an experimental thermoelectric generator was built using the waste heat of the flue gas of an automatic hot water boiler for wood pellets. In addition to this genera-tor, there was also created an experimental thermoelectric fireplace insert and other equipment related to these experiments.
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Utilization biogas for combined heat and power
Fojtík, Martin ; Baxant, Petr (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is specialized on the solution of actual problems dealing with the exploitation of biological wastes usány combined heat and power. The task is to suggest and valorize the running of combined heat and power system cooperating with a bio-gas station. The first part is devoted to the rise of biogas and biomass which is fit for the production of biogas, further also to the biogas technology. The second part of of this work deals with the principle of combined heat and power, as well as with the comparation of single prime units. The running of biogas combined heat and power is reviewed in the final part.
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Simulation tool for gas microturbine integration into industrial operations
Konečná, Eva ; Stehlík, Petr (referee) ; Ovčačík,, Filip (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Current challenging energy situation gives rise to the need for highly efficient use of primary energy sources. Gas microturbines are a potential solution to this situation as they represent a progressive source of combined heat and power production. Gas turbines work with electric efficiency around 30 % and another 50 % is hidden in hot flue gas. Leveraging this waste heat is essential for achieving high overal efficiency of production and minimizing the use of primary energy. This thesis introduces a methodology for integration of gas microturbines into industrial operation. This methodology served as a basis for creating a software tool for selecting an optimal gas microturbine and seting up an efficient use of the waste heat from the produced flue gas, specifically direct drying, technological heating of process streams, preparation of warm utility water, and heat accumulation. It also includes technical-economic evaluation of the investment. The methodology is represented by an unique software tool which evaluates various alternatives of a gas microturbine integration into a mid-sized industrial laundry, and recommends the most favourable option. The tool was build using programming language Python in combination with MS Excel to offer great ease of use without a need for any specialized software. The biggest advantage, however, is its universality which allows adapting this software for other industrial processes. It is sufficient for the user to only have a standard operational knowledge of the target process. A laundry operation was selected for this case study, and data from several industrial laundries in Czech republic was collected. Its analysis revealed that the ratio of required electrical and heat energy is an important criterium when selecting a gas microturbine as the main power source. Specifically for older laundry operations, it is necessary to firstly undergo an energy optimization before selecting a suitable power source. If integrated correctly, it is possible to achieve overal efficiency of the gas microturbine of up to 90 % and an acceptable payback period of the investment. A suitable target process for integrating the gas microturbine is one that leverages the gas microturbine’s biggest advantage – production of hot and clean flue gas. It is necessary to look for those processes where a maximum of this flue gas can be used directly without a need for any other costly devices for heat transfer. Drying in laundries certainly represents such a process. The proposed software is an easy, quick, and most importantly universal tool for evaluating suitability of a gas microturbine based on common operational knowledge of the respective process.
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Steam turbine
Číž, Ondřej ; Ing.Mezera (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
The aim of thesis entitled steam turbine is a condensing steam turbine with steam extraction, in twin-shaft implementation for municipal waste-incineration plant. The first part of the work is focused on the design used and the selected concept turbine. The second part is engaged in thermodynamic calculation of backpressure and condensing part. The end is devoted to technical – economic comparison with other possible conceptual variants.
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Cogeneration units for the heating industry
Kašpar, Jakub ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
The bachelor thesis on the topic of Combined heat and power units for central heating systems focuses on the potential benefits of CHP units within energy mix of the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it describes basic functional principle and construction of gas CHP units. In the last part there is developed mathematical-physical-chemical model, which is able to predict the operating parameters of the CHP unit, assuming the combustion of a mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen, while the hydrogen concentration changes. The model was compiled on the basis of the technical sheet of the real motor generator MTU 20V4000 GS with an electrical output of 2,538 kW, which is designed for natural gas combustion. According to the calculations, it was found that the overall efficiency of the cogeneration unit decreases as the hydrogen concentration in fuel increases. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the power input of the fuel to maintain constant electric power.
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